block comments

#!/bin/bash
echo "Something"
: <<MyComments
akldsj 
aklsdfj kald'fa
kaldjsf adsf
MyComments

apt check auto or manul installed packages pkg

Because 'apt autoremove' will remove the pkgs installed from 'apt install', some old pkgs, eg. some old kernels are for vmware modules updated. can be not removed.

Vmware modules cannot be compiled in the new kernel 6.8.0-40.

  cf: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RemoveOldKernels#GUI_Way 

The packages to remove are determined based in part on whether the package is marked as manually or automatically installed. You can check if a kernel providing package is marked as automatically installed using this command in a terminal:

apt-mark showauto 'linux-image-.*'

or to see if it is marked as manually installed:

apt-mark showmanual 'linux-image-.*'

In the event some kernel providing packages are marked as manual (possibly because they were installed via 'apt-get') and you want them autoremoved, you can change the status of the package using apt-mark auto and the package name. For example, to mark kernel 4.12.0-12-generic as autoremovable:

sudo apt-mark auto '^linux-.*-4\.12\.0-12(-generic)?$'

On the contrary, I want some kernels not to be autoremoved. So do this,

sudo apt-mark manual linux-headers-6.5.0-45-generic

sudo apt-mark manual linux-hwe-6.5-headers-6.5.0-45

sudo apt-mark manual linux-image-6.5.0-45-generic 

sudo apt-mark manual linux-modules-6.5.0-45-generic

sudo apt-mark manual linux-modules-extra-6.5.0-45-generic

sudo apt-mark manual linux-signatures-nvidia-6.5.0-45-generic

 

sudo apt-mark manual linux-headers-5.15.0-118
sudo apt-mark manual linux-headers-5.15.0-118-generic
sudo apt-mark manual linux-image-5.15.0-118-generic
sudo apt-mark manual linux-modules-5.15.0-118-generic
sudo apt-mark manual linux-modules-extra-5.15.0-118-generic
 

old firefox profile to new firefox

cf: https://www.dedoimedo.com/computers/firefox-old-profile-reuse.html

Because, firefox not allow using profile of old version, we can solve it as follows. 

1. cp old profile to firefox user directory, say, /home/chiao/snap/firefox/common/.mozilla/
2. In terminal, run:
   MOZ_ALLOW_DOWNGRADE=1 firefox -P
3. close firefox and open firefox (no need in terminal)
4. Done
   

Stuck at "press Ctrl-c to cancel the checks in progress on the filesystem"

Check /etc/fstab. Some line might cause this problem. For example, if some partition is deleted, but it is still in fstab, then ubuntu is keeping checking such non-exist partition. 

id and id $USER show different groups

I set my primary group as root in /etc/passwd, and I always do this when install a new system. I also add myself to other groups,eg. sudo, lp, dialout ... However, the id only shows I am in root group and no other groups shown.

So I change my primary group from root to chiao voila the problem is solved! The id and id chiao show the same groups. Futhermore, I can use thonny directly. 

pico w micropython custom module

 The custom module, say my.py, must be saved in pico w rather than computer. Otherwisr, micropython will complain not find import module.

I think this is due to the runtime module must be imported from pico w device.

gpio BCM and BOARD mode

1. GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BOARD)
   pin numbers are as in board,1,2...40 sequentially. 
2. GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
   pin numbers are as defined names as GPIO 14, GPIO 15 ...
3. For example, pin 16 in BOARD mode is the pin GPIO 23 in BCM mode
4. 
   

 

gpio output vs input

 cf: https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/534268/difference-between-low-output-gpio-and-input-gpio

An output pin that is set high can push out (source) current, or when set low it can pull in (sink) current. An input does neither, it ideally needs no current to flow to sense if the input is high or low. 

 

 

fcitx 4 add boshiamy

1. sudo apt install fcitx-tools fcitx-table-boshiamy
2. fcitx 設定法設定 add 嘸蝦米
3. For my own codes, run:
   #!/bin/bash
   txt2mb boshiamy_my.txt boshiamy_my.mb
   cp -f boshiamy_my.mb /home/chiao/.config/fcitx/table/
   sudo cp -f boshiamy_my.mb /usr/share/fcitx/table/
   cd /home/chiao/.config/fcitx/table
   ln -sf boshiamy_my.mb boshiamy.mb
   cd /usr/share/fcitx/table/
   sudo ln -fs boshiamy_my.mb boshiamy.mb
   echo ""
   echo " Restart fcitx "
   echo ""
   
   

 

 

Install windows 11 without login microsoft

 cf: https://www.makeuseof.com/windows-11-set-up-without-internet-connection/

1. Make sure your computer is not connected to the Internet. 
2. Enter your product key. If you don't have a product key, click the
   I don't have a product key
   link in the bottom right corner.
3. Once in the Let’s connect you to a network screen, press Shift + F10 to launch the Command Prompt.
4. In the Command Prompt window, type
   

          OOBE\BYPASSNRO 

5. Upon successful execution, your system will restart and relaunch the OOBE dialog.
6. Click on I don’t have Internet option
   
7. Next, click on Continue with limited setup.
   

fcitx 5 快速片語

 設定->附加元件->模組->快速片語 點選右側圖示，出現「快速片語-Fcitx 設定」視窗，點選下方「編輯器」即可加入片語。

使用 Super(Win)+; 啟動快速片語輸入

mycodes

adh 伴隨矩陣
ahp 層級分析法
alt 方案
au 真理大學
aug 增廣矩陣
chia 喬國平
cofa 餘因子
cri 準則
deci 決策分析
det 行列式
eig 特徵值
eiv 特徵向量
elem 元素
elm 基本矩陣
elro 基本列運算
ext 擴充原理
fahp 模糊層級分析法
flow 流程圖
fuzz 模糊集合
gau 高斯消去法
gau 高斯喬丹消去法
goo 如圖
goo 如此
ifs 區間二型直覺模糊集合
imei 工業管理與經營資訊學系
lcom 線性組合
ldep 線性相關
lina 線性代數
lind 線性獨立
lp 線性規劃
lsys 線性系統
mem 隸屬度函數
mous 滑鼠
pcm 成對比較矩陣
pivo 軸元素
pj 平面
rect 矩形
ref 列梯形矩陣
rref 列簡梯形矩陣
rz 微積分
uqll 電腦繪圖
user 使用者
vdm 矩陣
zya 等角
zya 等角圖

Ubuntyt 24.04 fcitx 加嘸蝦米

sudo apt install fcitx5-table-extra

在右上角輸入法 click 設定，點選「嘸蝦米」

add user defined layouts in lyx for windows

 Put into: 

c:\Users\chiao\AppData\Roaming\LyX2.3\layouts\

sudo a2ensite default-ssl

 sudo a2ensite default-ssl

 sudo systemctl reload apache2

check lets encrypt renow date

 sudo certbot certificates

Uninstall mathematica

 cf: https://support.wolfram.com/12473

 Remove the subdirectories:

• /usr/local/Wolfram/Mathematica/
• /usr/share/Mathematica/
• ~/.Mathematica/
• ~/.Wolfram/
• ~/.cache/Wolfram

 

 

clip video ffmpeg

ffmpeg -i a.mp4 -ss 00:10:57 -to 00:23:00 -c:v copy -c:a copy output2.mp4

Use kdnlive:

 

 

Show resize info windows using mouse

 Inside CompizConfig, activate "Resize Info"

Clone 教學網頁

1. Rename drupal0_from_9 database to drupal10_from_9_pi4_20240402
2. Using command line mysql instead of phpmyadmin to clone draupal0_from_9 database from kpci7 to pi4
3. Using sudo to clone public_html/drupal10_from_9 from kpci7 to pi4
4. In pi4 phpmyadmin, update the drupal10_from_9 database privileges for drupaladmin
   

Save export matplotlib image from jupyter to pdf

1. Right click image
2. Click 在新頁中開始圖片
3. Click 新頁
4. Ctrl-p to print to pdf or printer

 

inside ubuntu run clonezilla

Mount /home/partimage, otherwise clonezilla will mount /home/partimage on root /.

So run these lines before running clonezilla:

 

sudo mkdir /home/partimag (YES! partimag RATHER THAN partimage)

sudo mount /dev/sdd7 /home/partimag
sudo clonezilla

 

ATTN: 在「掛載再生龍…」中，click the last one "skip"

shred wipe all data in ubuntu

sudo shred -vfz /dev/sdX

1. -n , --iterations=N. Instead of the default (3) times, overwrite the data N times.
2. -z , --zero. Add a final overwrite with zeros to hide shredding.
3. -f , --force. Force the permissions to allow writing if necessary.
4. -v , --verbose. Show progress in detail.
5. -u , --remove. Truncate and remove file after overwriting.

mkLectNote_clean_tex.sh

#!/bin/bash
TeXfile=$1
LyXfile="${1%.*}.lyx"

sed -i -e '0,/\\maketitle$/d' -e '/^\\end{document}/d' -e '/hypertarget/d' -e 's/\\label.*$//' -e 's/\\section/\\chapter/g' -e 's/\\subsection/\\section/g' -e 's/\\subsubsection/\\subsection/g'  -e 's/\\textgreater/>/'  $TeXfile
sed -i '1 i\\\\def\\mylabel#1{\\label{#1}}' $TeXfile

#sed -i 's/\/\\/g' $TeXfile

jupyter export latex missing label workaround

In jupyter lab, use \mylabel instead of \label e.g 

<img src="if.png" alt="if example flowchart" style="width: 400px;"/>
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics{if.png}
\caption{if 流程圖}
\mylabel{fig:if 流程圖}
\end{figure}

After export to LaTeX, run 

/home/chiao/scripts/mkLectNote_clean_tex.sh chapterXX.tex

 

jupyter lab traditional Chinese

. .bashrc_anaconda

conda install -c conda-forge jupyterlab-language-pack-zh-TW

 

or

pip install jupyterlab-language-pack-zh-TW

slide show jpeg files, feh

#!/bin/bash
if [ "$#" -lt 2 ]; then
    echo "Usage: $0 <delay sec.> <subdirerory>"
    exit
fi
feh -r -d -Z -D ${1} #{2}

                     

Spyder 正體中文

1. Download Chinese po file here: http://here.vixual.net/files/python/spyder/Spyder-v5.4.3-zh_TW-20231113.zip
   
2. Copy add_traditional_Chinese.py (below) and Spyder-v5.4.3-zh_TW-20231113.zip to the user desktop.
3. Run the script add_traditional_Chinese.py (Spyder or Python IDLE).
4. Inside Spyder, Tools -> Preferences -> Application (2nd option on left panel) -> Advanced settings (right panel). Select 正體中文 in Language.
5. Restart Spyder.

Save the following codes to add_traditional_Chinese.py:

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import os
import zipfile

def unzip_and_copy(zip_file, destination):
    # Unzip the file
    with zipfile.ZipFile(zip_file, 'r') as zip_ref:
        zip_ref.extractall(destination)

def edit_base_file(base_file):
    # Read the contents of the base file
    with open(base_file, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
        lines = f.readlines()

    # Find the index where to insert the new line
    insert_index = -1
    for i, line in enumerate(lines):
        if "简体中文" in line:
            insert_index = i + 1
            break

    if insert_index != -1:
        # Insert the new line
        lines.insert(insert_index, "    'zh_TW': u'正體中文',\n")

        # Write the modified content back to the file
        with open(base_file, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
            f.writelines(lines)
        print("File edited successfully.")
    else:
        print("Line containing '简体中文' not found.")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    # Set paths
    desktop_path = os.path.join(os.getenv('USERPROFILE'), 'Desktop')
    zip_file = os.path.join(desktop_path, 'Spyder-v5.4.3-zh_TW-20231113.zip')
    unzip_destination = os.path.join(os.environ['USERPROFILE'], 'anaconda3', 'Lib', 'site-packages', 'spyder', 'locale')
    base_file = os.path.join(os.environ['USERPROFILE'], 'anaconda3', 'Lib', 'site-packages', 'spyder', 'config', 'base.py')

    # Step 1: Unzip and copy files
    unzip_and_copy(zip_file, unzip_destination)

    # Step 2: Edit base.py
    edit_base_file(base_file)

disable onedrive service for user

cf: https://askubuntu.com/questions/1329334/how-to-disable-onedrive-service-from-autostarting

 

systemctl --user stop onedrive
systemctl --user disable onedrive

 


delete the symbolic link

sudo rm /etc/systemd/user/default.target.wants/onedrive.service

 

which is linked from 

/usr/lib/systemd/user/onedrive.service

sync onedrive

#!/bin/bash
if [ "$#" -lt 1 ]; then
#    echo "Usage: $0 <upload_path>"
    echo "Usage: $0 <full local  directory> "
    echo "e.g. $0 /home/chiao/Python"
    exit
fi
SUBDIR=$(basename "$1")
ROOTPATH=$(dirname "$1")
read -p "Start dryrun (press y or n) ? " yn
case $yn in
#     [Yy]* ) echo "Start dryrun (not really uploading) ..." ;onedrive --synchronize --verbose --resync --dry-run;;
#     [Yy]* ) echo "Start dryrun (not really uploading) ..." ;onedrive --syncdir ${1} --synchronize --skip-symlinks  --verbose --dry-run --resync;;
     [Yy]* ) echo "Start dryrun (not really uploading) ..." ;onedrive --syncdir ${ROOTPATH} --single-directory ${SUBDIR} --synchronize --skip-symlinks  --verbose --dry-run --resync;;
#     [Yy]* ) echo "Start dryrun (not really uploading) ..." ;echo "Testing dryrun";;
esac     
read -p "Strat uploading? (press y or n) " yn
case $yn in
#    [Yy]* ) echo "-----------------------------------------------------------";START=$(date +%F\ %T);onedrive --synchronize --verbose --resync; echo "Start at:  $START"; echo "End at: $(date +%F\ %T)"; echo "-----------------------------------------------------------";;
#    [Yy]* ) echo "-----------------------------------------------------------";START=$(date +%F\ %T);onedrive --syncdir ${1} --synchronize --skip-symlinks --verbose --resync; echo "Start at:  $START"; echo "End at: $(date +%F\ %T)"; echo "-----------------------------------------------------------";;
    [Yy]* ) echo "-----------------------------------------------------------";START=$(date +%F\ %T);onedrive --syncdir ${ROOTPATH} --single-directory ${SUBDIR} --synchronize --skip-symlinks --verbose --resync; echo "Start at:  $START"; echo "End at: $(date +%F\ %T)"; echo "-----------------------------------------------------------";;
#     [Yy]* ) echo "-----------------------------------------------------------";START=$(date +%F\ %T); echo "Testing";echo "Start at:  $START"; echo "End at: $(date +%F\ %T)"; echo "-----------------------------------------------------------";;
    [Nn]* ) exit;;
    * ) echo "Please answer yes or no.";;
esac